Nanostructured Metal Oxide Thin Films for Humidity Sensors

Capacitive humidity sensors were fabricated using countersunk interdigitated electrodes coated with amorphous nanostructured TiO
₂
, SiO
₂
, and Al
₂
O
₃
thin films grown by glancing angle deposition. The capacitive response and response times for each sensor were measured. The sensor utilizing TiO
₂
exhibited the largest change in capacitance, increasing exponentially from ~ 1 nF to ~ 1muF for an increase in relative humidity from 2% to 92%. Adsorption and desorption response times were measured using flow rates of 2.5 l/min and were between 90 ms and 300 ms for the sensors studied here. A simple model of the capacitive response of the devices has been developed and used to calculate the dielectric constant of the combined system of our films and adsorbed water. The obtained dielectric constants are found to be much higher than bulk or literature values for similar systems.