Voltage Drop Calculations for Electrically Short Insulated Conductors

The equivalent circuit of an insulated conductor is described and a definition given for circuits that are electrically short in length. Two ``short-line'' methods for calculating voltage drop and regulation for alternating current power systems are outlined, and example calculations are included. Accuracy of the short-line treatment is compared with a long-line analysis. Data are provided to facilitate the calculations, including a nomograph for the determination of series reactance.