Three Dimensional Direction Lock Loop for DS/CDMA Systems

In this paper, an algorithm for three dimensional direction of arrival estimation is proposed. The proposed algorithm is presented using model of the mobile receiver having three antennas. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is able to track both azimuth and elevation by forming two S-curves, if the initial direction of arrival estimate is within a certain range which is referred to as the locking range like the DLL scheme in timing synchronization.