Calculation of Site Attenuation from Antenna Factors

A site-attenuation model expressed in terms of the antenna factors of the transmit and receive antennas is presented. Both horizontal and vertical polarizations are included, as are the effects of mutual coupling between closely spaced horizontal antennas. Expressing site attenuation in terms of antenna factors allows the use of broad-band antennas with their attendant advantages over tunable dipoles. Measured and calculated results for a variety of sites, antennas, and geometries are compared in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 GHz.