A 20-GHz frequency divider implemented with heterojunction bipolar transistors

This paper reports a high-speed frequency divider implemented with AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's). The divide-by-four static frequency divider was fabricated with a fully self-aligned dual-lift-off HBT process. A maximum operating frequency of 20.1 GHz was achieved. This is the highest frequency ever reported for static frequency dividers.