Will the California Crisis Perturb Spain's Liberalization Process?

The performance of electric power networks may be largely affected by ice accretion on outdoor insulation equipment, . There still exists a lack in the understanding of the physical phenomena involved and the role of different parameters in the processes of discharge initiation and arc development on ice surfaces. The present study reports on an application of ultra high-speed photography to record the first nanoseconds of the visible discharge development on ice surfaces under various conditions. Furthermore, 50% lightning impulse breakdown voltage of the ice surface is determined under various conditions. The results obtained were compared with the typical discharge processes in an air gap and along a synthetic surface.