Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for electromagnetic scattering from conducting objects with material coating

This paper discusses the formulation and the discretization of the volume-surface integral equation (VSIE), the implementation of multilevel fast multiple algorithm (MLFMA) to speed up the iteration in the conjugate gradient method for solving the matrix equation. Validation numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the performance of the VSIE-MLFMA algorithm. The derivation is in the frequency domain, and the time factor of exp{-i/spl omega/t} has been suppressed.