Calibration of large phased arrays including monopulse ratios

With the advent of large phased arrays of many thousands of elements which demand very low sidelobes, it is critical to find methods which will quickly and accurately calibrate all the elements in the system. These include components in the receive, transmit and monopulse channels, delta azimuth and delta elevation. Furthermore, the monopulse channels must be calibrated relative to the sigma channel. The monopulse ratio used to measure the target's position is dynamically updated. Finally, the system can be calibrated internally, without needing external sources. We have devised a system of automatic calibration which ensures stability of the system and constant monitoring of its parameters. It has proven itself in many varied systems as a versatile simulation tool.