A timing-driven macro-cell placement algorithm

The timing-driven macro-cell placement algorithm described is based on the force-directed technique. The proposed star net model enables more accurate timing analysis, hence path delay constraints can be handled. In addition, the placer provides functions such as determination of cell orientation, routing estimation and pad placement. The algorithm is iterative and incremental, allowing flexibility in the physical design flow. The placer competes with commercial physical design tools and gives better results in terms of path delay.