Combination of PML and ABC for scattering problem

Being artificial boundary conditions, perfectly matched layer (PML) and absorbing boundary condition (ABC) have their own advantages and disadvantages, respectively. In this paper, we present a general formulation of combining curvilinear PMLs and conformal ABCs for the finite element analysis of electromagnetic scattering problems. The combination of PMLs and ABCs exploits their advantages and eliminates their disadvantages so as to decrease the number of unknowns and increase the computational efficiency without sacrificing the accuracy of solutions. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.