Multiplication of frequency in the MM-wave range by using resonance-tunnel diodes

The resonance-tunnel diode (RTD) is a high-frequency device and can operate on frequencies up to 1000 GHz. However, due to the RTD's capacity and double barrier, both quantum hole areas and contact resistance can essentially be reduced by the top frequencies of generation. The use of the RTD in the MM-wave range is possible by reducing the contact area (thus the useful scattered power and capacity of the diode decreases, but the useful power decreases to a level considerably smaller than that for Gunn and IMPATT-diodes) or by harmonic operation. In the latter case it is possible for either the generation of harmonics or the reception of harmonics as a result of multiplication. In the present work, the frequency multiplication by various RTDs is analyzed. The purpose of the work is to establish a definition of the frequency transformation factor (FTF) on harmonics.