Impedance synthesis [instrument transformer calibration]

Impedance synthesis methods applicable in active, hybrid and phantom burdens for instrument transformer calibration are discussed. Such types of burden are composed of a controlled source which loads the instrument transformer under test and an analog signal processor for observing the current and voltage of the device under test and controlling the source. The relatively high power dissipation of active burdens can be reduced by applying recuperation technology used in phantom burdens. The accuracy and linearity of passive burdens can be increased by means of hybrid burdens.