Instantaneous frequency estimation from sine wave samples

New method of estimating instantaneous frequency from sine wave samples is proposed and studied. The proposed expression is proved to be fully equivalent to the Prony's method. An extended frequency expression, which shows its degeneracy into the proposed expression, is also derived. Toward implementation for processors, estimating errors caused by operations including quantization in samples, approximation of mathematical functions, and finite-length division, are evaluated by numerical experiments.