Towards Standardizing and Improving Classification of Bug-Fix Commits

Background: Open source software repositories like GitHub are mined to gain useful empirical software engineering insights and answer critical research questions. However, the present state of the art mining approaches suffers from high error rate in the labeling of data that is used for such analysis. This is particularly true when labels are automatically generated from the commit message, and seriously undermines the results of these studies. Aim: Our goal is to label commit comments with high accuracy automatically. In this work, we focus on classifying a commit as a “Bug-Fix commit” or not. Method: Traditionally, researchers have utilized keyword-based approaches to identify bug fix commits that leads to a significant increase in the error rate. We present an alternative methodology leveraging a deep neural network model called Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) that can understand the context of the commit message. We provide the rules for semantic interpretation of commit comments. We construct a hand-labeled dataset from real GitHub commits according to these rules and fine-tune BERT for classification. Results: Our initial evaluation shows that our approach significantly reduces the error rate, with up to 10% relative improvement in classification over keyword-based approaches. Future Direction: We plan on extending our dataset to cover more corner cases and reduce programming language specific biases. We also plan on refining the semantic rules. In this work, we have only considered a simple binary classification problem (Bug-Fix or not), which we plan to extend to other classes and extend the approach to consider multiclass problems. Conclusion: The rules, data, and the model proposed in this paper have the potential to be used by people analyzing open source repositories to improve the labeling of data used in their analysis.