ACA bonding technology for low cost electronics packaging applications-current status and remaining challenges

Anisotropically Conductive Adhesives (ACAs) have been used in electronics packaging for decades on glass substrate, and recently in contactless smart-card module assembly and for bare chip attach on flexible and rigid substrates. This paper summarises various technologies used in connection with ACA joining. A summary of our understanding on electrical, thermal, physical, chemical, environmental and cost behaviours of ACAs in conjunction with various packaging applications are elaborated. Finally, future research areas and remaining issues are pointed out.