Hardware Design and Implementation of Adaptive Multiple Transforms for the Versatile Video Coding Standard

Versatile video coding is the next generation video coding standard expected by the end of 2020. Several new contributions have been proposed to enhance the coding efficiency beyond the high efficiency video coding standard. One of these tools is the adaptive multiple transform (AMT) as a new approach of the transform core design. The AMT involves five discrete cosine transform/discrete sine transform types with larger and more flexible partitioning block sizes. However, the AMT coding efficiency comes with the cost of higher computational complexity, especially at the encoder side. In this paper, a efficient pipelined hardware implementation of the AMT including the five types of sizes 4 × 4, 8 × 8, 16 × 16 and 32 × 32 is proposed. The architecture design takes advantage of the internal software/hardware resources of the target field-programmable gate array device such as library of parametrized modules core intellectual properties and digital signal processing blocks. The proposed 1-D 32-point AMT design allows to process 4K video at 44 frames/s. A unified 2-D implementation of the 4, 8, 16, and 32-point AMT design is also presented.The implementation takes into account all the asymmetric 2-D block size combinations from 4 to 32. The 2D architecture design is able to sustain 2K video coding at 50 frames/s with an operational frequency up to 147 MHz.