Backward Reflection in the Fresnel Problem

This paper presents the theory of backward reflection in bordering, homogeneous, isotropic absorbing media separated by a smooth boundary. The theory is developed on the basis of accounting for counter-propagating waves. An analytical expression for the coefficients of backward reflection is given. A generalization for a point source with a narrow directivity pattern, the presence of boundary's roughness, and the layered structure of media is carried out. Theoretical and experimental results are in firm agreement.