Introduction of slack load and its application to area-interchange control in power flow studies

The area-interchange control plays a key factor in power system modeling, especially when ISO/TSO conducts network validation and merges the areas to realize the predicted locational marginal price with the scheduled area interchanges. This paper has presented an approach to realize the area-interchange control by the concept of slack load with either a two-stage correction approach or an augmented system of power-flow equations. Statnett Nordic 44 test case has been used for validation of the proposed algorithm.