3-D Indoor Positioning for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems

In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3-D) indoor positioning scheme is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Its operation is based upon a hybrid received signal strength and angle of arrival (RSS-AoA) positioning scheme, which employs only a single access point equipped with a large-scale uniform cylindrical array. To reduce the high computational complexity imposed by the large number of antennas used in mmWave massive MIMO (M
³
-MIMO) systems, we firstly propose a novel channel compression method. By proper quantization and selection of the received mmWave signals, which exhibit quasioptical and sparse multipath characteristics, the channel compression method reduces the dimension of the received signal space while maintaining the accuracy of the position estimation. Then, we propose a beamspace transformation approach to transform signal vectors in the element space to the beamspace, and thus the computational complexity of the angle estimation is significantly reduced. Finally, a novel hybrid RSS-AoA positioning scheme is designed for the computations of the 3-D coordinates of the target mobile terminal. Simulation results have shown that the proposed indoor positioning scheme is capable of achieving high accuracy as well as significantly lower computational complexity as compared to other previously known indoor positioning techniques.