Distributed simulation with federated models: expectations, realizations and limitations

A critique of federated modeling and simulation (M&S) and the HLA approach is given from an external perspective. Recognized difficulties and the progress toward overcoming them are described. The role of HLA in developing consistency and uniformity in M&S within the Department of Defense is laudable. The program and its management by DMSO have succeeded in promoting communications and understanding, which has become a tremendous asset. However, the goal of universal interoperability is challenged as neither desirable nor achievable. This contention is based on two problems inherent in federated simulation.