Research on small fiducial mark use for robotic manipulation and alignment of ophthalmic lenses

Robotic manipulation and alignment of ophthalmic lenses during their manufacturing process can take advantage of machine vision location of small fiducial marks engraved or printed on the lens surface. Industry research efforts are currently devoted to obtain a proper fiducial mark design that optimises the reliability of robotic lens manipulation. In the paper the work in progress in this area is presented.