Electron Acceleration and Diffusion in the Gyrophase Space by Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves

Charged particle acceleration is a fundamental issue in many fields ranging from particle physics to spacecraft propulsion. In this paper, the interaction between electromagnetic waves and relativistic electrons is numerically studied. The effect of the initial gyrophase in a dipole magnetic field on electron acceleration by wave-particle interaction is found in a test particle code with various wave amplitudes. It is indicated that the initial gyrophase of the electrons plays a crucial role in the acceleration process.