Parametrical variation and its effects on characteristics of microstrip rectangular patch antenna

This paper represents a brief description about design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna and its parameter effects in size, efficiency and compactness and parametric analysis in terms of return loss, bandwidth, directivity and gain by using same and different dielectric substrate materials with same and different thickness of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The important parameters of patch such as L, W, ε
_r
and h has its own impact in antenna characteristics. This parametrical impact is studied and verified. As thickness of dielectric substrate increases, the gain & directivity of rectangular microstrip patch antenna decreases and bandwidth increases. As ε
_r
increases, the size of the antenna decreases but when height of dielectric substrate increase antenna size also increases. There will be always a compromise between miniaturization and other antenna characteristics. This antenna is designed for microstrip feed line technique and with center frequency (f
₀
) at 4 GHz. The parametric analysis is obtained by comparing the simulated results of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for different cases. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS tool at resonance frequency of 4 GHz.