Mobile ranging with low accuracy clocks

Our position location technique provides location information within milliseconds and is integrated in a handheld, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), communications system. We use a standard DSSS waveform, with a state-of-the-art chipping rate to provide a position location capability to an accuracy of less than one meter in a severe multipath environment. We use a two-way time-of-arrival (TOA) measurement technique (with 1 ppm clocks) that eliminates the need to synchronize master and reference radio clocks. Several techniques improve TOA and therefore range accuracy. A loop back calibrates internal system delay. Frequency diversity orthogonalizes multipath with respect to direct path and leading edge curve fitting of the direct path reduces the effect of multipath. Applications include location of urban warfighters, firefighters, police, and medical personnel and resources.