Heterogeneous responses of reactive oxygen species in the sonoporated cells at the single-cell level

To develop and realize the sonoporation-based therapeutic applications, it is important to understand underlying cellular bioeffects involved in the sonoporation. It is known that appropriate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary to maintain normal physiological functionality, but excessive ROS would trigger downstream adverse bioeffects. However, it is still unclear about ROS response in the sonoporated cells. This study aims to investigate how the intracellular ROS responds to the perforated membrane triggered by acoustic cavitation.