Full-wave analysis of time of arrival based localization with polarization diversity

We investigate a time of arrival based localization technique for nodes deployed in complex GPS-challenged environments. The proposed technique exploits spatial and polarization diversity via anchors equipped with polarization diversity antennas operating at low frequencies. Empirically derived effective dielectric constants are used for penetration delay compensation. Our full-wave simulations of a complex scene suggest that sub-meter localization error can be achieved, with low-power transmission at upper HF and lower VHF bands.