Implementation of DCT and IDCT based image compression and decompression on FPGA

In the last two decades the advancement in data communication techniques was significant, during the explosive growth of the Internet and demand for using multimedia has increased. Video and audio data streams require a bandwidth to be transferred in an uncompressed form. Several ways of compressing multimedia streams evolved. Image and video compression is one of the major components used in video — telephony, videoconferencing and multimedia — related applications. The discrete cosine transform and its inverse can be used for transform coding. This paper analysis the different dct approaches and it also describes the design and implementation of a 1-Dimensional 8 words DCT core that can be used in most of video/ audio compression, such as JPEG. The Discrete Cosine Transform has long been the basic transform coding method for the JPEG and MPEG standards. It helps separate the image into parts (or spectral sub-bands) of differing importance — with respect to the spatial quality of the image. The core was designed taking into consideration maximum area optimization. It can process audio frames and JPEG still images where high speed is an important issue. It accepts 8-bit words as an input and consume about 512-clock cycle to process eight 8-bit words.