Automation meta-system applied to smart grid convergence of low voltage distribution legacy grids

This paper presents the description of a system model (meta-system) that specifies structural and functional aspects of a middleware architecture, such as: composition elements, interfaces, interaction rules, protocols, etc. The implementation of such middleware architecture (middleware-layer) aim to make a retrofitting in the conventional low voltage circuits to convert them into smart circuits and, thus, enable the implementation of a set of functionalities compatible with (adhering to) the definition requirements of a smart grid (ex.: self-healing, energy efficiency, distributed generation compatibility, resilience, renewable energies support, distribution systems operation automation, load management, demand side management, demand response and generation curtailment). This process will be here referred to as Convergence Smart Grid. The meta-system proposed establishes a basic platform consisting of interoperable hardware and software units, which supervise and/or control operating variables in each of the different component segments of the distribution system and according to their particularities. This solution was developed under a systemic approach, which enables the implementation of a wide scope of functionalities and resources aligned to the smart grid paradigm; it also establishes a coherent and harmonious automation solution with structural and functional aspects of low voltage distribution grids that are known to be systemic; more specifically, those that can be submitted to processes tele-supervision, remote and electronic control.