Characterization of failures in insulators to maintenance in transmission lines

Outages in a transmission line occur due to failures that can develop abruptly, intermittently or incipiently. The incipient form of outage allows the monitoring and prediction of a possible fault. The incipient faults is often due to insulation problems, whether due to stresses, natural degradation or vandalism. Recent researches aim to diagnose failures in the isolation of transmission sections, and for this, mathematical models of transmission lines have been developed, whose insertion of the faulted insulator model allows to obtain leakage current to test the efficiency of this diagnosis. Considering the above, in this work, equivalent circuit models of failures in insulators are proposed, to characterize leakage current behavior for prediction purposes. The obtained models are used for validation of predictive maintenance methodologies, from the diagnosis of signals with faults, through the harmonic decomposition of the leakage current in transmission lines.