A dense monopole array for spatial noise shaping

A dense sleeve monopole antenna array is proposed for improving the noise figure (NF) and linearity of array receivers via spatial delta-sigma (Δ-Σ) noise shaping. The planar array has a spatial oversampling ratio of K
u
= 4. The shared ground-shorted sleeves were optimized for low mutual coupling (less than −10 dB between adjacent monopoles). Simulated and experimental results for the proposed design are discussed. The measured element radiation pattern is omnidirectional in the H-plane and has a peak gain of −5 dBi, which is in good agreement with simulations.