Analysis of Photovoltaic Properties of a Perovskite Solar Cell: Impact of Recombination, Space Charge, Exciton, and Disorder

We present the analysis of photovoltaic properties in perovskite solar cells to explore the impact of excitonic features, disorder, recombination, and space charge effects using temperature and photo-intensity dependence. Photo-intensity dependence reveals an enhancement of classical Einstein relation due to the presence of traps and formation of space charge effects resulting in reduced conductivity. Exciton versus free charge density upon photo-excitation is analyzed from temperature dependence of photocurrent. Temperature dependence of VOC is excellently explained by considering a combined energetic disorder in a solar cell, and a moderately high value of variance ~125 meV is obtained.