Development of community-based waste recycling (garbage bank and 3R waste treatment facility) for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Padang City, Indonesia

Observations and interviews on current municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Padang City show the conventional operation of mixed collection, transportation and dumping to Air Dingin Landfill with limited recycling activities. Simulations result shows that practices of current local MSWM would release greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of 123.54 Gg CO
2
eq in 2035 after 50 years operation of the landfill. This paper focuses on developing scenarios of community-based recycling system for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Padang City. Observations and interviews to MSWM facilities and stakeholders were carried out to understand current condition of the local MSWM. 3 scenarios of improved recycling system were proposed based on the real condition and achievement of the current MSWM practice. Current MSWM practice and 3 improvement scenarios were simulated for the next 20 years (2016–2035) to understand the impact to global warming. GHG inventories of waste treatment activities before landfill and at landfill site was carried out using life cycle assessment (LCA). Meanwhile, methane emission from solid waste decomposition at landfill cells was simulated using Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) software. As a result, current MSWM practice shows recycling achievement of only 1.494% of the total waste generation in 2035. Scenario #3 suggests to increase the number of garbage bank, community waste treatment facility (TPS 3R), integrated waste treatment facility (TPST) and to install landfill gas recovery. This improvement results in the higher recycling achievement of 33.66 % and lower GHG emissions of around 96.594 Gg CO
2
eq compared to that of the current MSWM practice in 2035. While, the application of landfill gas recovery would further decrease the GHG emissions to 52.972 Gg CO
2
eq. Scenario #3 may be applied for Padang City.