CTR: Cluster based topological routing for disaster response networks

Large scale disasters require prompt rescue and relief operations to restrict further casualties. To carry out such operations, it is essential to have a communication infrastructure between survivors and responders, which is often impaired due to the disaster. Off-the-shelf wireless devices such as smartphones, PDAs and Laptops offer an effective solution towards the establishment of makeshift communication infrastructure. However, in the absence of bonafide power sources, it becomes imperative to judiciously utilize energy (battery power) of such devices such that the network is functional until primary infrastructure is restored. This paper proposes a novel approach, called Cluster based Topological Routing (CTR) that prolongs the longevity of the network by exploiting the natural gathering of survivors in shelter points. In particular, the clustering algorithm identifies such survivor groups combined with a data forwarding approach, to minimize the number of data transmissions yet guaranteeing the required packet delivery and network latency. Our extensive simulation study shows that CTR yields twice the network lifetime than existing routing approaches in disaster response networks, while ensuring comparable packet delivery and network latency.