Duck pack algorithm — A new swarm intelligence algorithm for route planning based on imprinting behavior

In this paper, by studying the foraging behavior of ducks, a new bionic clustering intelligent algorithm - duck pack algorithm (DPA) is proposed and applied to route planning. The foraging behavior of the duck pack is dependent on imprinting behavior and food orientation, and this is why the ducks are different from other kinds of packs. To obtain the duck pack algorithm, the imprinting behavior and food orientation are abstracted into two operators and then the two operators are merged into an iterative process. Then the DPA is applied to route planning, and it can be found that DPA converges more quickly and the path generated by the DPA algorithm is smoother than that generated by the standard DE. This shows the reasonableness of the algorithm, and proves that the DPA algorithm is superior to the standard DE algorithm in stability and superiority.