Energy and spectral efficiency in cellular networks considering fading, path loss, and interference

Due to the increase of energy consumption in wireless systems, energy-efficient cellular planning concept has become an important concern in designing cellular networks. In this paper, energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) analysis for single and multi-cell cellular systems are presented and investigated. The efficiency analysis is studied under the influence of Nakagami-m multi-path fading superimposed on path loss, and co-channel interference for three base station (BS) antenna configurations which are omni, and 120o and 60o directive antennas. The downlink SE and EE are derived and simulated concerning the random users' location, normalized reuse distance, cell radius, and random channel gain. Theoretical and simulation results show that, as expected, single cell scenario provides higher efficiency than multi cell; however, antenna directivity improves both efficiency metrics. The analysis provides insight contribution for the SE-EE trade-off issue in cellular networks for which most of the network and propagation parameters are included in the analysis.