Investigation of inertia's locational impacts on primary frequency response using large-scale synthetic network models

As more renewable energy resources connected by power electronics and gas-fueled generators are integrated into power grids, total system inertia has been significantly decreasing in recent years. The resulting decline in system primary frequency response threatens the reliability and stability of power grids. This paper aims to study the locational dependence of the impacts of inertia on system primary frequency response. Both transient stability simulations and modal analysis are applied to study the locational effects. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to provide insights into the extent to which inertia's location impacts the system dynamic behavior. We first use a small-scale test system to illustrate inertia's locational impacts. In order to obtain realistic simulation results, we then perform studies on a large-scale synthetic network dynamic model.