Metamaterial-embedded beamforming phased-array antennas for degradable GPS links

This paper presents an approach to enable a typical GPS receiver to be much less susceptible to intentional disruption such as jamming and change in link environment. Beamforming GPS receivers comprising 4×4 elements or 8×8 ones are designed using metamaterials, for the placement on the body of an aircraft as an airborne vehicle, to cope with the varying angle of incidence with good antenna gain and the low inter-element interference to make the system more robust and adaptive. The design results show the antenna gain much higher than 5 dBi, and the movable circularly polarized beam with the excellent axial ratio at the resonance frequency and low mutual coupling between the elements.