Linear electric actuators and generators

Linear electric actuators and generators (LEAGs) are electromagnetic devices which develop directly short-travel progressive (or oscillatory) linear motion. Machine tool sliding tables, pen recorders and free piston power machines are typical industrial applications for LEAGs. Their recent revival in applications in compressors, pumps, electromagnetic valve actuators, active shock absorbers, vibrators, etc. Prompts this review, which presents main LEAGs configurations, their principles of operations, comparative performance evaluation, motion control and existing as well as potential applications.