Automatic generation control in competitive market conditions with moth-flame optimization based cascade controller

This article presents automatic generation control of a two area hydro-thermal system under deregulated scenario. A new cascade integral and proportional-derivative (CIPD) controller is proposed as secondary controller for the system. Nature inspired moth-flame optimization (MFO) technique is used for simultaneous optimization of secondary controller gains. The performance of proposed CIPD is compared with that of proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. Analysis reveals that CIPD controller provides better dynamic responses than PI and PID controllers. MFO optimized CIPD controller is tested under poolco, poolco-bilateral and contractual violation conditions to estimate its performance.