A study of electromagnetic scattering from sea surface with breaking waves using generalized forward-backward method

The generalized forward-backward method was used to investigate the scattering characteristics from the sea surface with breaking waves, which gives a preliminary analysis of mechanism of sea spike phenomenon. The integral equation using impedance boundary condition was used for one-dimensional (1-D) PM surface. GFBM increasingly improved the computational efficiency and made it possible to calculate rapidly electromagnetic scattering from sea surface at low grazing angles. The results show that there are larger fluctuations of the scattering intensity with the effects of the breaking waves in HH polarization than that in VV polarization.