The complexity of value: Considerations for WEEE, experience from lighting products, and implications for policy

This paper presents a general overview of WEEE and value considerations (both real and potential) as well as the specific results of a research project analysing the performance of EPR systems for lighting products, with particular focus on closing material loops. The research is based on a literature review, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders. The case of recovery of rare earths elements (REE) from fluorescent lamps is an illustrative example of how EPR systems can create opportunities to recover valuable materials from WEEE. The rapid development of light emitting diode (LED) technology also raises questions of how to anticipate and manage value under uncertainties. The paper reflects on these findings within the general context of valuable waste and the specific implications for EPR policy in a transition to a circular economy.