Operational strategy and load profile sensitivity analysis for an electric vehicle battery swapping station

Battery swapping stations could address constraints in the growth of electric vehicles (EVs) such as EV high upfront cost, range concern, slow battery charging, and power grid strain. To maintain a sustainable model, an electric vehicle swap station strategy model is proposed considering the frequency and distribution of EV customer station visits, cooperation of customers, and grid load demand curves. Charging decisions and allocation were based on the battery state of charge and state of health. Sensitivity analysis of the California duck load curve and New South Wales load curve were conducted as illustrative examples. Research shows the effectiveness of providing economic stimulus using grid load profile to alter the EV customer station visit distribution curve benefitting the stakeholders.