On the influence of electricity demand patterns, battery storage and PV system design on PV self-consumption and grid interaction

New policies supporting photovoltaics (PV) self-consumption and reduced feed-in power flows are advocated in many countries. Consequently, knowledge about the influences of demand patterns and battery energy storage on PV self-consumption and grid impact is required. This study analysed these influences for 400 residential and 26 commercial systems from the Netherlands. Results show larger self-consumption rates for commercial systems than residential systems. Batteries increase the self-consumption rate depending on the PV size and the battery size. Averaged curtailment losses are larger for residential systems than commercial systems and decrease with the addition of a battery to the system.