Intelligent Charge Rate Optimization of PHEVs Incorporating Driver Satisfaction and Grid Constraints

In this paper, an optimization model is developed to find a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) optimum charging rate profile that dynamically varies throughout the day. From the grid point of view, the model takes into account the constraints of maximum demand and charging facilities, while from the driver's point of view, waiting and charging time restrictions are considered. The novelty of this paper lies in maximizing the energy delivered to PHEVs in a region equipped with smart grid technology by intelligently alternating charging rates during the day while incorporating both driver satisfaction constraints as well as grid limitations. Using the proposed optimization model, two cases with optimized charging rates are studied and compared with constant charging levels. Furthermore, quantitative results from the perspective of both power grid contribution and driver satisfaction are presented and discussed in detail for each case.