Design and simulation of tri-band spidron fractal equilateral triangle microstrip antenna

This paper is aimed at proposing an equilateral triangle microstrip patch antenna (ET MA) having Spidron fractal shape at one of its corners. The multiple resonance phenomenon of fractal geometry by repeating the similar segments in the radiating patch, is used in the proposed structure. Several iterations of Spidron fractal structure are simulated and analyzed. It is evident from the simulation results that the resonant frequency of the patch decreases after every iteration. The fourth iteration on the proposed antenna structure makes it suitable for operating in three different frequency bands and hence, suitable for wireless communication devoted to C (6.15-6.28 GHz), X (9.26-9.62 GHz), and Ku (12.08-15.71 GHz) band applications. Miniaturization up to 62.78% is also achieved for the proposed antenna structure, making it appropriate candidate for several wireless applications. The proposed antenna structure has an optimized dimension of 18×26 mm
²
. The antenna characteristics such as reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, and radiation efficiency obtained by the proposed fractal antenna confirm to its effectiveness for these applications.