HVDC grid protection with integrated fault categorization for selective tripping

HVDC Circuit Breakers require adequate fault detection for selective breaking. In terms of tripping commands, general fault categorization is necessary and, where appropriate, even short circuit localization. Wave propagation phenomena from switching operations, blocking MMCs, lightning strikes and short circuits must be clearly distinguished, which is fundamentally examined here. Analyses have been undertaken by accompanied simulations in MATLAB Simulink.