A survey of ICT: Evolution of architectures, models and layers

The development of computer architecture seems to have halted in the past 15 years compared to the earlier times of the computer era. There is an obvious trend of miniaturization, significantly increased processing speed, however, there are no significant novelties in either architecture or operation. This paper offers a short overview of computer development over the generations, as well as the new usage models that have arisen since the deceleration of the development in architecture. Further, this work presents the various fields where new advancements of computer architecture, operation and ICT in general are expected in the foreseeable future.