A push-push voltage-controlled oscillator for W-band applications in 90-nm CMOS

A push-push W-band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with oscillating frequency that ranges from 112 GHz to 117 GHz in 90-nm CMOS technology is presented. By eliminating the varactor and shielding the inductor, phase noise and quality factor are greatly improved. The power consumption is 36 mW at 1.2 V. The resulting phase noise is -93 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, and output power is from -12 dBm to -23 dBm. The measured FOM is -178.4 dBc/Hz.