Implementation of a sound-source localization method for calling frog in an outdoor environment using a wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor networks have a wide scope of applications, one of which is to observe and examine behavior of animals including insects, and amphibian. Our target is localization of small animals that emit a sound in an outdoor field by using a wireless sensor network. However, due to the resource limitations of sensor devices, most of existing localization methods are not compatible with such devices. In this paper, we implement a localization method using time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements into wireless devices with a microphone and show the results of experiments. We focus on the interesting behavior of the Japanese tree frog and previously conducted some fieldwork. We also demonstrate the pitfalls in the implementation with resource-limited wireless devices for an outdoor environment.