A broad survey on fingerprint recognition systems

Fingerprints are extensively and effectively utilized for proof of identity in recent years. Mostly because of their originality, stability through life, a uniqueness among the people, public acceptance and their least risk of invasion. Fingerprint technology, which is a bio-metric system, is utilized to classify an individual based on their physical qualities. Fingerprint matching is the trendiest biometric technique utilized to provide authentication. At first, fingerprint identification mechanism scans for an unprocessed image, executes pre-processing and after that features of those images are defined as vectors and are protected in databases of fingerprint as image records. In this paper, a broad study on different features of fingerprint recognition systems are explained. Here we have presented broad categories of fingerprint patterns and consequently minute based method. Fingerprint ridges named as minutiae are capable of confine invariant and discriminating information exist in the database of fingerprint images. The different approaches that are based on Pattern recognition, wavelet and wave atom, are studied. Wave atom is the one of new geometric multiscale-multidirectional transform that is suitable for the representation of the fingerprint structures. The challenges and problems regarding fingerprint recognition systems and fingerprint orientation map using wave atom transform are reviewed analytically. So, to obtain higher accuracy it is very much necessary to utilize higher quality noise free fingerprint image as an input. Additionally, we have studied and presented different fingerprint image improvement technology in this paper.